High blood sugar levels associated with diabetes can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, leading to diabetic retinopathy—a condition that can cause vision loss if left untreated. This damage occurs when elevated glucose levels weaken and leak from retinal blood vessels, impairing the retina’s ability to detect light and transmit signals to the brain.
Early stages of diabetic retinopathy often present no symptoms, making regular eye examinations crucial for detection.
As the condition progresses, individuals may experience symptoms such as blurred or distorted vision, floaters, dark spots, and partial or complete vision loss.
Diagnosis typically involves a dilated eye exam, where an eye care professional examines the retina for signs of damage. Additional tests, like fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), may be used to assess the extent of retinal damage.
Managing blood sugar levels is vital in preventing or slowing the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Regular monitoring, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and adhering to treatment plans can significantly reduce the risk of vision complications associated with diabetes.