Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD) or coronary heart disease (CHD), is a serious condition that occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.
These arteries become restricted over time because of the buildup of fatty deposits, known as atherosclerosis. This reduced blood flow means the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen, especially during physical activity or stress.
Common symptoms include chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and, in more serious cases, heart attacks. The primary risk factors for IHD are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, and a family history of heart disease.
If not managed, ischemic heart disease can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, irregular heart rhythms, or sudden cardiac death.
Treatment involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgical procedures like bypass surgery. Preventative steps include healthy eating, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco.
